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Evolution Korea Korean scientists aren't taking any chances in the fight over evolution. The Society for Textbook Revise has been fighting to remove the Archaeopteryx as well as horses and other symbols of evolution from textbooks. Confucian practices, with their emphasis on the importance of success in the world and the high value of education still dominate the culture of the country. However, Korea is searching for the new model of development. Origins The growth of Iron Age cultures brought more sophisticated states to the Korean Peninsula, like Goguryeo and Baekje. They all created a distinct style of culture that merged with influences from their powerful neighbors. They also adopted aspects of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Buddhism and shamanism. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to implement its own version of government to the Korean people. It established a king-centered system of governance in the early 2nd century. Through a series of wars, it wiped out the factions that were loyal to the Han dynasty from the north of the peninsula and expanded its territory into Manchuria too. During this period the regional confederation of Buyeo was established. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title of king, and his name was written down in the 13th century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was then referred to as Goryeo and this is the reason why the name Korea was born. Goryeo was a thriving commercial state, and was a centre for education. They raised sheep, goats and other animals and made furs out of them. They wrote poetry and dance-dramas with masks such as tallori and sandaenori and they celebrated an annual festival known as Yeonggo in December. The economy of Goryeo was boosted by brisk trade with other countries, including the Song Dynasty of China. Byeongnando was the gateway to Gaeseong the capital city of Gaeseong. Traders came from Central Asia, Arabia and Southeast Asia. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the products they brought. From around 8,000 BCE the Koreans began to establish permanent settlements and cultivating cereal crops. They also developed pottery and polished stone tools and began to organize themselves into clan societies. The Neolithic Age lasted until the 12th century BC. At this time Gija, a prince of the Shang dynasty of China, purportedly introduced a high culture to Korea. In the 20th century, many Koreans believed that Dangun and Gija gave Korea its people and their traditional culture as well as their culture. Functions Korea's previous model of development, focusing on state-led capital accumulation and government intervention in industries and business, contributed to an explosive growth in its economy, catapulting it from being one of the poorest countries in the world to being among the top of OECD nations in just three years. However, the system was plagued by moral hazard and corruption that was outright and was unsustainable in a world economy of trade liberalization, openness and democratization. The current crisis has exposed the weakness of the old paradigm, and it is likely that a new model will emerge in its place. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the roots of Korea's government-business risk partnership, and demonstrate how the rise of economic actors who have an interest in the preservation of this system prevented it from adopting fundamental reforms. These chapters, which concentrate on corporate governance and financial resources allocation, provide a thorough investigation of the underlying factors that led to this crisis, and suggest strategies to implement reforms. Chapter 5 traces the possible paths of Korea's evolving development paradigm during the post-crisis period, exploring both legacies inherited from the past as well as new trends triggered by the IT revolution and globalization. It also examines how these changes will impact Korea's current social and political structures. The major finding is that there are several emerging trends that are altering the nature of power and will affect the future of the country. For example, despite the fact that political participation is still extremely restricted in Korea new ways of political activism are able to bypass and challenge political parties, thus transforming country's democracy. Another significant finding is that the power of the Korean elite is not as great as it was in the past, and that a large portion of society has a sense of being disconnected from the ruling class. This is a sign of the need for greater civic participation and education as well as new models of power sharing. In the end, the chapter concludes that the success or failure of Korea's development paradigm will depend on how well these new developments can be incorporated into a willingness to make hard decisions. Benefits South Korea has the ninth largest economy in the world and the sixth fastest-growing. It has an expanding middle class and an R&D-based base that drives innovation. The government has also recently increased its investments in infrastructure projects to help boost economic growth and to promote social equity. In 2008, Lee Myung Bak's administration released five indicators as an attempt to establish an organization for development that focused on changes and practicality. It made efforts to streamline government operations, privatize public companies with greater efficiency, and reform administrative regulations. Since the ending of the Cold War, South Korea is pursuing a strategy for the integration of its economy with the rest of the world and outside the region. Exports of high-tech consumer electronics as well as advanced manufacturing techniques have become a major source of income. In addition, the government has been promoting the Saemaeul Undong (New Community Movement) initiative, which has transformed the country from an agricultural one to one that is that is focused on manufacturing. The country also enjoys a high standard of living and offers many benefits for employees, such as maternity leave and job security. Additionally, employers are required to subscribe to accident insurance that covers payments associated with work-related illness or injury. In addition, it is typical for businesses to offer private medical insurance which provides insurance for illnesses not covered by National Health Insurance. South Korea is viewed as a success model for many emerging nations across the globe. However, the global financial crisis that struck Asia in 1997 challenged this notion. The crisis shattering the conventional wisdom about Asia's miracle economies, and resulted in a radical rethinking of the role played by the state in regulating risky private economic activities. It seems that Korea's fate remains uncertain in the following changes. A new generation of leaders have adopted the image of an “strong leader” and are beginning to experiment with market-oriented policies. On the other hand, a powerful domestic power base has made it difficult to implement radical change. Advantages The reemergence of the creationists is a major obstacle for Korean science's efforts in educating the public about evolution. The majority of Koreans support teaching students about evolution however a small group led by Bun-Sam Lim (the director of the Society for Textbook Revise, STR) is advocating for the removal of evolution from textbooks. STR believes that teaching evolution is promoting an “materialist atheism” and reflects an “unhopeful worldview” for students. This can cause students to lose faith in humanity. The reasons behind anti-evolutionary opinions are a complex and diverse. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. Additionally the one-sidedness of the government, bolstered by powerful conservative business interests and think tanks, aggravates public distrust of the scientific community. In the end, the study's findings on widespread vulnerabilities highlight a need for targeted interventions to mitigate them in advance. These insights will help Seoul to reach its goal of becoming an urban landscape that is harmonious. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying vulnerable neighborhoods and their occupants is essential to devise specific and compassionate policies to ensure their safety and wellbeing. For example, the disproportionate effect of the pandemic on Jjokbangs is a reflection of the socioeconomic disparities that can compound the vulnerability to natural and man-made catastrophes. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that brings all communities together to tackle the most pressing issues facing the city. This requires a fundamental change in the structure of institutional politics, starting with the power of the president. At present, the Blue House is able to mobilise a large bureaucracy and influence the political power of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office and intelligence bureau, which lack any checks from parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agencies. This gives the president enormous power to force his or her vision on the rest of the country. This can lead to partisanship that can result in stagnation and polarization within the country.